| Parameter | Value | |-----------|-------| | Drop volume | 30 pL | | Beam energy | 100 keV | | Dose per droplet | 28 kGy (±2 kGy) | | Microbial reduction (Bacillus pumilus spores) | Log reduction >6 | | Ink temperature rise | 3°C | | Print speed | 500 mm/s (single nozzle) | | Nozzle-to-substrate distance | 4 mm | | X-ray leakage (10 cm) | 2 µSv/h |