Exact Audio Copy May 2026

A CD is not a hard drive. Hard drives have error-checking built-in; if a sector is hard to read, the drive re-reads it until it gets the right answer. Audio CDs, however, were designed for the smooth, continuous playback of a stereo system. They used a simpler, real-time error correction scheme called CIRC (Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code). This could fix small scratches or dust, but if a section was too damaged, the drive wouldn’t try again—it would simply guess what the missing data should be, a process called . It would "conceal" the error by averaging the sound of the good samples before and after the bad one.

Wiethoff’s insight was radical:

For over a decade, EAC stood alone. It was famously difficult to configure—a labyrinth of checkboxes, offset values, and drive-specific settings. Its interface looked like it was designed by an engineer for other engineers. But that complexity was the source of its power. exact audio copy

He wrote a new program that would command the CD-ROM drive at the lowest possible level, using the drive’s native "SCSI" commands (even on ATAPI drives, which emulated SCSI). He called his creation .

Then, in 1998, a German programmer named decided to solve the problem. A computer science student with a passion for precise, deterministic software, Wiethoff was frustrated by the same issues. He believed that the data on an audio CD was, at its core, just data. The drive’s firmware was the problem—it was optimized for speed and silence, not for accuracy. It would give up too easily. A CD is not a hard drive

In the late 1990s, the digital music world was a messy place. The dominant format was the Compact Disc, a plastic disc encoded with 16-bit, 44.1 kHz stereo audio. To get that music onto a computer, you used a CD-ROM drive to "rip" the tracks. But there was a fundamental, frustrating problem.

And the answer changed the way the world preserved its digital music. Every time someone makes a perfect, archival-quality backup of a rare CD, they are following a path first mapped out by a German programmer in 1998 who refused to accept a "good enough" copy. They used a simpler, real-time error correction scheme

The story of Exact Audio Copy is not a story of sleek marketing or a disruptive startup. It is a proper story of a simple, stubborn question: "What if we just read it again, and again, and again until we got it right?"