If you’re even slightly congested, your tubes are swollen. 30 minutes before descent, use a saline nasal spray (not decongestant spray—that can cause rebound congestion). Rinse the mucus out. Dry tubes = smooth equalization.
Never, ever try to "force" a pop by plugging your nose and blowing hard if you have a cold or sinus infection. You can rupture your eardrum. Instead, chew spicy gum (the capsaicin thins mucus) or use a warm compress against your ear. how to make your ears not pop on a plane
If you feel a sharp pain, tell a flight attendant. They can ask the pilot to slow the descent rate—yes, they can do that for medical comfort. If you’re even slightly congested, your tubes are swollen
Pressure changes are worst during ascent and descent. Start yawning before you feel discomfort. Can’t fake a yawn? Open your mouth wide as if you’re at the dentist and push your jaw forward. This mechanically opens those tubes. Dry tubes = smooth equalization